Singapore Gold Market: How a City-State Built a Gold Hub
Demand for physical gold has shifted toward Asia; the infrastructure that prices, clears, and settles it has not. Most over-the-counter gold still settles loco London — in London, on London’s business days — even when both counterparties sit in Asia.…
Rand Refinery: History, Production & Authentication
Rand Refinery is the only refiner in Africa on the LBMA Good Delivery List, and one of seven refiners the LBMA appoints as Referees — the laboratories that assess applicants to the List, monitor the refiners already on it, and…
Gold Price Drivers: Rates, the Dollar, Central Banks, and Physical Demand
A gold price move reaches a treasury desk or an investment committee as an attribution problem: the same weekly change can trace to a real-yield repricing, an official-sector purchase programme, or an ETF liquidation, and each cause carries a different…
The Perth Mint: History, Gold Production, and Bullion Authentication
Close to three-quarters of all the gold newly mined in Australia is refined at a single site near Perth Airport — The Perth Mint, the trading name of Gold Corporation, a statutory body wholly owned by the Government of Western…
Valcambi: Refinery History, Production, and Bar Authentication
A Valcambi bar carries one of the most recognizable marks in the gold market, and that recognition was built rather than inherited. From a single plant in Balerna, in the Ticino canton of Switzerland, Valcambi spent decades turning a bar…
PAMP Suisse Gold Bars: History, Production, and Authentication
A PAMP Suisse bar is among the most recognized objects in the gold market, and that recognition has a specific history. From a single refinery in the Ticino canton of Switzerland, PAMP turned a commodity — a bar of fine…
Gold Refining: From Doré to Investment-Grade Bullion
Mined gold reaches the refinery as doré, a semi-refined casting that has to be processed before any market will settle it as bullion. Doré runs typically 60–90% fine, the balance mostly silver with base metals such as copper, iron, and…
Why Is the Gold Price Falling? Drivers of the 2026 Correction
Spot gold traded near $4,100 per ounce on 11 June 2026, after an intraday print of $4,023.95 — the weakest level since November 2025 — and roughly 26% below the record of $5,595 set on 29 January, leaving the metal…
Gold Bar Weight by Format: Grams, Kilos, and Ounces
How much does a gold bar weigh? It depends on the format: gold bars range from one-gram bars up to wholesale bars that run past twelve kilograms. Two things keep the answer from being a single number. Gold is weighed…