Rand Refinery is the only refiner in Africa on the LBMA Good Delivery List, and one of seven refiners the LBMA appoints as Referees — the laboratories that…
Read More: Rand Refinery: History, Production & AuthenticationA gold price move reaches a treasury desk or an investment committee as an attribution problem: the same weekly change can trace to a real-yield repricing, an official-sector…
Read More: Gold Price Drivers: Rates, the Dollar, Central Banks, and Physical DemandClose to three-quarters of all the gold newly mined in Australia is refined at a single site near Perth Airport — The Perth Mint, the trading name of…
Read More: The Perth Mint: History, Gold Production, and Bullion AuthenticationA Valcambi bar carries one of the most recognizable marks in the gold market, and that recognition was built rather than inherited. From a single plant in Balerna,…
Read More: Valcambi: Refinery History, Production, and Bar AuthenticationA PAMP Suisse bar is among the most recognized objects in the gold market, and that recognition has a specific history. From a single refinery in the Ticino…
Read More: PAMP Suisse Gold Bars: History, Production, and AuthenticationMined gold reaches the refinery as doré, a semi-refined casting that has to be processed before any market will settle it as bullion. Doré runs typically 60–90% fine,…
Read More: Gold Refining: From Doré to Investment-Grade BullionSpot gold traded near $4,100 per ounce on 11 June 2026, after an intraday print of $4,023.95 — the weakest level since November 2025 — and roughly 26%…
Read More: Why Is the Gold Price Falling? Drivers of the 2026 CorrectionHow much does a gold bar weigh? It depends on the format: gold bars range from one-gram bars up to wholesale bars that run past twelve kilograms. Two…
Read More: Gold Bar Weight by Format: Grams, Kilos, and OuncesGold is trading near $4,500 an ounce as of mid-2026, below the year-end targets most major banks set when the market still expected the US Federal Reserve to…
Read More: Gold Price Forecast 2026–2027: Targets and Risks
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