How Bullion Banks Clear Gold: LBMA, Loco London, and the Physical Settlement Layer
On a typical trading day in the LBMA-cleared market, the volume of gold transacted between bullion banks dwarfs…
Capital & Gold Insights
Read MoreHow Bullion Banks Clear Gold: LBMA, Loco London, and the Physical Settlement Layer
Bullion Bank vs Physical Bullion Counterparty: Allocated vs Unallocated Models
Buying gold from a bullion bank and buying physical bullion from a refinery-supplied counterparty produce documents that look…
What Is a Bullion Bank: LBMA Market Makers and the Physical Gold Market
The term bullion bank surfaces early in any serious research into physical gold acquisition — attached sometimes to…
German Gold Refining: Heraeus, Heimerle & Meule, C. Hafner, Agosi
A German gold bar is one refined in Germany by Heraeus, Heimerle & Meule, C. Hafner, or Agosi…
UAE Gold Refining: Al Etihad, Emirates Gold, SAM Precious Metals
UAE refineries cast and mint several hundred tonnes of gold bullion each year. Six producers carry meaningful commercial…
Swiss Gold Bar Supply: Argor-Heraeus, Valcambi, PAMP, Metalor
A Swiss gold bar is one refined in Switzerland by Argor-Heraeus, Valcambi, PAMP, or Metalor. These four —…